Acronym Definition
CORG Combat Operations Research Group
CORG COmparative Regulatory Genomics
CORG Center Organization
CORG Central Organization
CORG Central Objects and Relationships Graph
CORG Central Office of the Regulator-General (Victoria, Australia)
CORG Center of Open Rights Group (UK)
CORG Center of Organizational
CORG Center of Orgrimmar (gaming, World of Warcraft city)
CORG Center of Origin
CORG Center of Origin (GEOLOC) (US DoD)
CORG Center of Outdoor Recreation Group
CORG Center of Oxford Research Group (UK)
CORG Co-Set Origin (assembly language directive)
CORG Corrected/Correction Graph
CORG Career Opportunities in Research Education and Training
CORG Cargo Outturn Report Group
CORG Carrier Operated Relay (two-way radio) Group
CORG Catholic Organizations for Renewal Group
CORG Center for Ophthalmic Research Group
CORG Center for Orthopaedic Research Group
CORG Center of Rotation (medical scanning equipment) Group
CORG Central Office of Record (NSA) Group
CORG Central Office Repairperson Group
CORG Certificate of Recognition Group
CORG Certificate of Registration Group
CORG Change of Rater Group
CORG Change Order Request Group
CORG Chartered Organization Representative (Boy Scouts of America) Group
CORG Chief of Office of Record Group
CORG Church of the Redeemer Group
CORG Church of the Resurrection Group
CORG Circular Of Requirements Group
CORG City of Reno (Nevada) Group
CORG Class Of Restriction (insurance) Group
CORG Coalition on Revival Group
CORG Coefficient of Reliability Group
CORG Coefficient of Restitution Group
CORG College Of Radiographers Group
CORG Combined Operation Ratio Group
CORG Command Operationally Ready Group
CORG Commander of the Relief (military) Group
CORG Committee of Regions (EU) Group
CORG Committee on Research (AISC) Group
CORG Common Order Repository Group
CORG Communications Outage Recorder Group
CORG Confederation of Regions Party (Canadian Political Party) Group
CORG Continental Operating Range Group
CORG Continental Operations Range Group
CORG Continuity of Operations Redesign Group
CORG Contracting Officer's Representative Group
CORG Contracting Officers Representative Group
CORG Coordinate Report Group
CORG Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina - Pajas Blancas (Airport Code) Group
CORG Core Operations Report Group
CORG Corinthians Group
CORG Corner Group
CORG Coroner Group
CORG Corporate Staff Group
CORG Corpus Group
CORG Correct Group
CORG Corrected Observation (METAR code) Group
CORG Corresponding Group
CORG Council of Orthodox Rabbis Group
CORG Council of Record (United States District Court code) Group
CORG Council of Representatives Group
CORG Course Of Reaction Group
CORG Church Of Gerbil
CORG COmparative Regulatory Genomics
CORG stands for COmparative Regulatory Genomics. Non-coding DNA segments that
are conserved across multiple homologous genomic sequences are good indicators
of putative regulatory elements. We use a systematic approach to delineate such
conserved non-coding blocks from a collection of vertebrate species. Upstream
regions of homologous gene pairs from man, rhesus monkey, mouse, rat, dog, cow,
chicken, tetraodon, zebrafish and xenopus are considered for this purpose.
Pairwise as well as Multiple alignments based on the pairwise ones are
available.
CORG Center Organization
An organization (or organisation — see spelling differences) is a social
arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controls its own performance,
and which has a boundary separating it from its environment. The word itself is
derived from the Greek word ?ργανον (organon) meaning tool. The term is used in
both daily and scientific English in multiple ways.
In the social sciences, organizations are studied by researchers from several
disciplines, the most common of which are sociology, economics, political
science, psychology, management, and organizational communication. The broad
area is commonly referred to as organizational studies, organizational behavior
or organization analysis. Therefore, a number of different theories and
perspectives exist, some of which are compatible, and others that are competing.
Organization in sociology
In sociology "organization" is understood as planned, coordinated and purposeful
action of human beings to construct or compile a common tangible or intangible
product. This action is usually framed by formal membership and form
(institutional rules). Sociology distinguishes the term organization into
planned formal and unplanned informal (i.e. spontaneously formed) organizations.
Sociology analyses organizations in the first line from an institutional
perspective. In this sense, organization is a permanent arrangement of elements.
These elements and their actions are determined by rules so that a certain task
can be fulfilled through a system of coordinated division of labor.
An organization is defined by the elements that are part of it (who belongs to
the organization and who does not?), its communication (which elements
communicate and how do they communicate?), its autonomy (Max Weber termed
autonomy in this context: Autokephalie)(which changes are executed autonomously
by the organization or its elements?) and its rules of action compared to
outside events (what causes an organization to act as a collective actor?).
By coordinated and planned cooperation of the elements, the organization is able
to solve tasks that lie beyond the abilities of the single elements. The price
paid by the elements is the limitation of the degrees of freedom of the
elements. Advantages of organizations are enhancement (more of the same),
addition (combination of different features), and extension. Disadvantages can
be inertness (through co-ordination) and loss of interaction.
Organization in management and organizational studies
M Organizational studies
Management is interested in organization mainly from an instrumental point of
view. For a company organization is a means to an end to achieve its goals.
Organization theories
Among the theories that are or have been most influential are:
Weberian organization theory (refer to Max Weber's chapter on Bureaucracy in his
book 'Economy and Society')
Marxist organization analysis
Scientific management (mainly following Frederick W. Taylor)
Human Relations Studies (going back to the Hawthorne studies, Maslow and
Hertzberg)
Administrative theories (with work by e.g. Henri Fayol and Chester Barnard)
Contingency theory
New institutionalism and new institutional economics
Network analysis
Economic sociology
Organization ecology (or demography of organizations)
Transaction cost economics
Agency theory (sometimes called principal - agent theory)
Studies of organization culture
Postmodern organization studies
Labour Process Theory
Critical Management Studies
Complexity Theory and Organizations
Transaction cost theory/Transaction cost Economics (TCE)
Garbage can model
Actor-Network Theory and the 'Montreal School'
Organizational structures
M Organizational structure
The study of organizations includes a focus on optimizing organizational
structure. According to management science, most human organizations fall
roughly into four types:
Pyramids or hierarchies
Committees or juries
Matrix organizations
Ecologies
Pyramids or hierarchies
A hierarchy exemplifies an arrangement with a leader who leads leaders. This
arrangement is often associated with bureaucracy. Hierarchies were satirized in
The Peter Principle (1969), a book that introduced hierarchiology and the saying
that "in a hierarchy every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence".
An extremely rigid, in terms of responsibilities, type of organization is
exemplified by Führerprinzip.
Committees or juries
These consist of a group of peers who decide as a group, perhaps by voting. The
difference between a jury and a committee is that the members of the committee
are usually assigned to perform or lead further actions after the group comes to
a decision, whereas members of a jury come to a decision. In common law
countries legal juries render decisions of guilt, liability and quantify
damages; juries are also used in athletic contests, book awards and similar
activities. Sometimes a selection committee functions like a jury. In the Middle
Ages juries in continental Europe were used to determine the law according to
consensus amongst local notables.
Committees are often the most reliable way to make decisions. Condorcet's jury
theorem proved that if the average member votes better than a roll of dice, then
adding more members increases the number of majorities that can come to a
correct vote (however correctness is defined). The problem is that if the
average member is worse than a roll of dice, the committee's decisions grow
worse, not better: Staffing is crucial.
Parliamentary procedure, such as Robert's Rules of Order, helps prevent
committees from engaging in lengthy discussions without reaching decisions.
Staff organization or cross-functional team
A staff helps an expert get all his work done. To this end, a "chief of staff"
decides whether an assignment is routine or not. If it's routine, he assigns it
to a staff member, who is a sort of junior expert. The chief of staff schedules
the routine problems, and checks that they are completed.
If a problem is not routine, the chief of staff notices. He passes it to the
expert, who solves the problem, and educates the staff – converting the problem
into a routine problem.
In a "cross functional team", like an executive committee, the boss has to be a
non-expert, because so many kinds of expertise are required.
Organization: Cyclical structure
A theory by put forth by renowned scholar Stephen John has asserted that
throughout the cyclical nature of one’s life organizational patterns are key to
success. Through various social and political constraints within society one
must realize that organizational skills are paramount to success. Stephen John
suggests that emphasis needs to be put on areas such as individual/ group
processes, functionality, and overall structures of institutions in order to
maintain a proper organization. Furthermore, the individuals overall
organizational skills are pre-determined by the processes undertaken.
Matrix organization
See also: matrix management
This organizational type assigns each worker two bosses in two different
hierarchies. One hierarchy is "functional" and assures that each type of expert
in the organization is well-trained, and measured by a boss who is super-expert
in the same field. The other direction is "executive" and tries to get projects
completed using the experts. Projects might be organized by regions, customer
types, or some other schema. matrix management
Ecologies
This organization has intense competition. Bad parts of the organization starve.
Good ones get more work. Everybody is paid for what they actually do, and runs a
tiny business that has to show a profit, or they are fired.
Companies who utilize this organization type reflect a rather one-sided view of
what goes on in ecology. It is also the case that a natural ecosystem has a
natural border - ecoregions do not in general compete with one another in any
way, but are very autonomous.
The pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline talks about functioning as this type
of organization in this external article from The Guardian.
"Chaordic" organizations
To meet Wikipedia's quality standards this section may need a rewrite, in part
or in full.
Please discuss this issue on the talk page.
The chaordic model of organizing human endeavors emerged in the 1990s, based on
a blending of chaos and order (hence "chaordic"), comes out of the work of Dee
Hock and the creation of the VISA financial network. Blending democracy, complex
system, consensus decision making, co-operation and competition, the chaordic
approach attempts to encourage organizations to evolve from the increasingly
nonviable hierarchical, command-and-control models.
Similarly, emergent organizations, and the principle of self-organization. See
also group entity for an anarchist perspective on human organizations.
Organizations that are legal entities: government, international organization,
non-governmental organization, armed forces, corporation, partnership, charity,
not-for-profit corporation, cooperative, university.
Hybrid organizations
A hybrid organization is a body that operates in both the public sector and the
private sector, simultaneously fulfilling public duties and developing
commercial market activities. As a result the hybrid organization becomes a
mixture of both a part of government and a private corporation.
Corg
Corg is a fictional character from the animated television series Robotech.
Corg was one of three Invid Simulagents created in humanoid form by the Invid
Regess. As the Crown Prince of the Invid Race, he and his sister Sera, shared
command of Invid Legions, and they were both given Invid Commander mecha to fly
in battle.
With Sera, he pursued Lieutenant Scott Bernard’s freedom fighters in many
battles. Being now in a humanoid form, he was also exposed to human emotions.
While his two other Invid Sisters, Ariel and Sera, felt love and compassion, he
was filled with anger and hatred. He nearly laid waste to New York City after
deciding to commit genocide of the humans inhabiting the battered city.
He was a skilled pilot, despite failing to defeat Scott Bernard's band of
rebels. He participated in the defense of Reflex Point from the Robotech
Expeditionary Force where he killed many human pilots. His hatred got the best
of him and he was killed in battle by Lieutenant Commander Bernard in the
assault of Reflex Point.
Corg's counterpart in Genesis Climber Mospeada was named Batra.
Robotech is a science fiction franchise that was launched by an 85-episode
adaptation of three different anime television series. Within the combined and
edited story, Robotechnology refers to the scientific advances discovered in an
alien starship that crashed on a South Pacific island. With this technology,
Earth developed giant robotic machines or mecha (many of which were capable of
transforming into vehicles) to fight three successive extraterrestrial
invasions.
The original television series (1985)
M Robotech (TV series)
Robotech was one of the first anime series released in the United States which
largely managed to preserve the complexity and drama of its original Japanese
source material. Produced by Harmony Gold USA, Inc. in association with
Tatsunoko Prod. Co., Ltd., Robotech is a story adapted with edited content and
revised dialogue from the animation of three different mecha anime series: The
Super Dimension Fortress Macross, Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross, and
Genesis Climber Mospeada. Harmony Gold's cited reasoning for combining these
unrelated series was its decision to market Macross for American weekday
syndication television, which required a minimum of 65 episodes at the time
(thirteen weeks at five episodes per week). Macross and the two other series
each had fewer episodes than required, since they originally aired in Japan as
weekly series.
This combination resulted in a storyline that spans three generations, as
mankind must fight three destructive Robotech Wars in succession over a powerful
energy source and "lifeblood" of two different races called "Protoculture":
The First Robotech War (The Macross Saga) concerns humanity's battle against the
Zentraedi, a race of giant warriors who are sent to earth to retrieve the
flagship of the Robotech Master Zor. The ship contains the last known source of
Protoculture in the universe.
The Second Robotech War (The Masters) begins when the creators of the Zentraedi,
the Robotech Masters, attempt to take up where the Zentraedi left off, and
capture the protoculture held within the remains of the SDF-1.
The Third Robotech War (The New Generation) occurs after the alien Invid have
been alerted to the existence of Protoculture on Earth by events that transpired
at the end of the Second Robotech War. The planet is conquered, then enslaved,
and it is up to the Robotech Expeditionary Force to retake their ancestral
homeland.
Home video
Following the original broadcast, the series enjoyed popularity on home video in
VHS and DVD formats from the following distributors:
For more information, see Robotech (TV series): Home Video Releases
Family Home Entertainment (VHS) (First six-tape run of The Macross Saga was
heavily edited, with roughly 38 minutes of footage cut from each six-episode
tape.)
Palladium Books (VHS)
Streamline Pictures (VHS, Laserdisc)
ADV Films (DVD Region 1 — North America)
Manga Entertainment (DVD Region 2 — UK)
Madman Entertainment (DVD Region 4 — Australia)
FUNimation Entertainment (DVD Region 1 — USA) (Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles —
Release date: 02/06/2007)
Live action film (proposed)
On September 7th, 2007, the Hollywood Reporter stated that Warner Brothers had
acquired the film rights to Robotech, and would be producing a live-action film
through Maguire Entertainment with an as-yet-unknown release date. Tobey Maguire
"is eyeing the lead role." In an interview, Harmony Gold representative Kevin
McKeever said that Warner Brothers had approached Harmony Gold about the
project, that Harmony Gold would have "a say" in its creative direction, and
that it was not expected to affect the production schedule for Shadow Rising. He
was unable to confirm any details of budget, casting, expected release date, or
storyline, explaining that it was too early in the life of the project for these
things to have been decided.
Animated sequels and spinoffs
Robotech: The MovieHarmony Gold has attempted to produce several follow ups to
the original series over the years, but with mixed success to this date.
Robotech: The Movie (1986)
M Robotech: The Movie
Also called Robotech: The Untold Story, this theatrical film was the first new
Robotech adventure created after the premiere of the original series. It used
footage from the Megazone 23 Part 1 OVA (Original Video Animation, or
made-for-video animated feature) spliced with Southern Cross, and had only a
tenuous link to the television series. The movie disappeared from the United
States after a failed test run in Texas. Harmony Gold relinquished their license
to Megazone 23 after director Carl Macek washed his hands of the project, so any
home video release is unlikely except for a few VHS tapes that had been in
limited circulation in Europe and Latin America.
Robotech II: The Sentinels
Robotech II: The Sentinels (1987, cancelled)
M Robotech II: The Sentinels
This aborted American-produced series would have followed the continuing
adventures of Rick and Lisa Hunter and the Robotech Expedition during the events
of The Robotech Masters and The New Generation. The feature-length pilot is
comprised of the first three (and only) episodes that were produced. Being a
sequel/spinoff to the combined series, The Sentinels featured characters from
all three Robotech sagas and introduced the SDF-3 along with an overview of
their new mission.
According to director Carl Macek in Robotech Art 3: The Sentinels, the proposed
65-episode series was canceled after the crash of the dollar/yen exchange rate
and lack of support by toy partner Matchbox. Efforts to petition the completion
of this series have gone nowhere, but the pilot was released on VHS by Palladium
Books and on DVD by ADV Films.
Robotech III: The Odyssey (proposed)
Producer Carl Macek revealed ideas for another proposed series, Robotech III:
The Odyssey, which would have created a circular storyline that would end where
the original Robotech began in a giant 260-episode cycle to fill up all the
weekdays in a year. According to Macek, The Odyssey would have revealed Lynn
Minmei to be the mother of Zor, making Minmei the focal point of Robotech. After
the failure of Sentinels, Odyssey never went into development, though its ideas
were worked into the Jack McKinney novel The End of the Circle.
Robotech IV and V (planned)
Fan publication Macross Life interviewed Harmony Gold executive Richard Firth in
1986, where he revealed that Robotech creator Carl Macek had "plans through
ROBOTECH 5, which would give us an episode for each day of the year for a year
and a half." He also said that these two installments would have brought the
series to 285 episodes. Regarding the plot, Firth mentioned a "retired Commodore
Hunter, whom ever that may be, could very well be speaking at the graduation of
the later day cadets or whatever, and they ask him to tell them the story all
over again: it comes back [to the first episode of the series]."
It should be noted that Carl Macek himself has never mentioned Robotech IV or V
in any interviews or writings.
Robotech 3000
Robotech 3000 (2000, cancelled)
M Robotech 3000
Carl Macek attempted another sequel with the development of Robotech 3000. This
all-CGI series would have been set a millennium in the future of the Robotech
universe and feature none of the old series' characters. In the three-minute
trailer, an expedition is sent to check on a non-responsive mining outpost and
is attacked by "infected" Veritech mecha. Again, the idea was abandoned midway
into production after negative reception within the company, negative fan
reactions at the FanimeCon anime convention in 2000, and financial difficulties
within Netter Digital who was animating the show. It now exists only in trailer
form on the official Robotech website.
Robotech UN Public Service Announcement (2005)
A sixty-second public service announcement for the 60th anniversary of the
United Nations, featuring Scott Bernard and Ariel, was animated during the
production of The Shadow Chronicles. Although it did not use the original voice
actors and the dialogue was somewhat out-of-character, it nonetheless marked the
first fully-completed Robotech footage in many years.
Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles
Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles (2006)
M Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles
In 2002, Tommy Yune announced development of a new sequel movie, which was not
named until 2004 as Robotech: Shadow Force. The storyline overlaps with and
continues from the unresolved ending of the original series. The title of the
story-arc was soon changed to Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles. The first
trailers with finished animation were shown at Anime Expo and Comic-Con
International in 2005. It was not until February 2006, when Kevin McKeever,
operations coordinator at Harmony Gold, was able to confirm that the pilot movie
had been completed. After a series of delays, FUNimation Entertainment was
finally announced as the home video, broadcast, and theatrical distributor at
the 2006 Comic-Con International in San Diego. Harmony Gold has premiered the
movie at various film festivals in 2006, with a limited theatrical run in
January 2007, and released the DVD on February 6, 2007. A 2-disc collector's
edition is being released in November 2007.
Robotech: Shadow Rising (2009)
On July 27, 2007, at their Comic-Con International panel, Harmony Gold and
Robotech director Tommy Yune unveiled the second entry of the Shadow Chronicles
production, titled Robotech: Shadow Rising. Pre-production has begun, and a
projected release date of sometime in 2009 is currently expected.
Robotech (Harmony Gold) chronology
The Robotech chronology, according to Harmony Gold, is illustrated below:
For a more detailed timeline, see Robotech Wars
Year Generation / Saga (release date)
1999 - 2014 (1) Robotech: The Macross Saga (1985)
2022 Robotech II: The Sentinels* (1987)
2027 Robotech: The Movie* (1986)
2029 - 2030 (2) Robotech Masters (1985)
2042 - 2044 (3) Robotech: The New Generation (1985)
2044 - Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles (2006)
Note: Asterisked works are now considered "secondary continuity" — that is, that
their events exist in the continuity of Robotech, but "don't count" when
conflicts arise with the "main continuity" that are the three-part Robotech TV
series (four, with the addition of 2006's Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles).
In 2002, with the publication of the Wildstorm (DC) comics, Harmony Gold
officially decided to retcon the Robotech Universe. The following Robotech
material is now relegated to the status of secondary continuity:
The Sentinels in all its incarnations.
Robotech: The Movie (which, in the strictest sense, never was canon)
Robotech comics published by Comico, Eternity, Academy, and Antarctic Press.
Robotech RPGs published by Palladium Books.
Robotech novels written by Jack McKinney, most notably The End of the Circle.
While these materials are not precisely "retired" or "removed" from the
continuity, their events are subject to critical review, and are strictly
subordinate to the "official" events of the 85-episode animated series. Although
certain events in the new feature film (i.e., the final showdown at Reflex
Point) proceed in a slightly different fashion from the original Robotech
series, such disparities were intentionally introduced by the Harmony Gold
producers, but are still considered canonical.
The Robotech franchise
At the time of its broadcast, Harmony Gold also launched Robotech through a
popular line of comics to be followed by novels, role-playing games, toys, and
other consumer products. With the cancellation of Robotech II: The Sentinels,
many of these licensed products were discontinued, and led to a drought of
Robotech product through much of the 1990s, except for publishers who continued
the The Sentinels storyline in print.
Robotech: The Graphic Novel
Robotech comics
M Robotech (comics)
Robotech comics were first published in 1984 with DC Comics' short-lived
Robotech Defenders and Comico's adaptation of the first episode of the Japanese
version of Macross. However, the first adaptation of the Robotech television
series did not arrive until 1985 with Comico's Robotech: The Macross Saga #2,
which continued from the first Macross issue.
The various comic publishers include:
Comico (1984-1989)
Eternity (1988-1994)
Academy (1994-1996)
Antarctic Press (1997-1998)
Wildstorm (DC) (2002-present)
Robotech collectible card game
M Robotech Collectible Card Game
The first Robotech collectible card game was released in 2006 by Hero Factory,
which had previously produced Robotech trading cards.
Robotech music and soundtracks
M Robotech music
Various Robotech soundtracks have been released on records, cassettes, and
compact discs since 1988.
Robotech: BGM Collection, Vol.1 (1988)
Robotech: Perfect Collection (1988)
Robotech: Perfect Soundtrack Album (1996)
Robotech: Battlecry Soundtrack (2002)
Robotech: Invasion Soundtrack (2004)
Robotech: The Original Soundtrack (2005)
Omnibus edition
Robotech novelizations
M Robotech (novels)
Since 1987, Robotech was adapted into novel form by "Jack McKinney," a pseudonym
for the team of James Luceno and the late Brian Daley, a pair of writers who had
been working with Macek since they had collaborated on the animated series
Galaxy Rangers. Using fictitious epigraphs in the style of Dune, McKinney's
novels fleshed out the chronology (including adapting the incomplete Sentinels
source material) in far greater detail than the original animation. Many
Robotech fans consider the McKinney series to be an unofficial canon of its own,
despite notable divergences in the writing from Harmony Gold's current official
animation-based canon. Despite no longer being considered core-continuity by
Harmony Gold, the novels have been recently re-issued by Del Rey Books as
Omnibus compilations.
Robotech art books
M Robotech art books
In 1986, Starblaze Graphics published Robotech Art 1, a reference book
containing artwork, Japanese production designs, and episode guides from the
original television series. This was followed by Robotech Art 2, which was
largely a collection of art by various American artists and fans. In 1988, Carl
Macek collected much of the unused designs from Robotech II: The Sentinels into
Robotech Art 3: The Sentinels, which also included his story outline for the
rest of the unfinished series, with an explanation behind its cancellation. In
2007, Stone Bridge Press published The Art of Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles.
Robotech role-playing games
M Robotech (role-playing game)
In 1986, Palladium Books published a role-playing game based on the Robotech
series. The successful run also included RPG books covering The Sentinels.
Contractual issues in the wake of Harmony Gold's aborted Robotech 3000 project,
as well as a general refocusing of the company on production of its flagship
Rifts line, caused Palladium to eventually forgo renewing the Robotech license.
The Robotech RPG line went out of print as of June 30, 2001. According to a
report from the February New York Comic-Con, a new Robotech RPG license deal is
in the works. A press release from Palladium Books addresses their recently
(Sept 2007) renewed contract with further details to come soon.
Robotech: Battlecry for PS2
Robotech video games
Robotech spawned five video game licenses, of which the most recent three were
released:
Robotech: Crystal Dreams for the Nintendo 64 game system. This was aborted when
its publisher, Gametek, went under in 1998. The game would have taken place
during the period between the SDF-1's destruction and the launch of the SDF-3. A
continuity nightmare, the game had a Zentraedi invasion during what was scripted
in the series as a period of peace.
Robotech: Battlecry (2002) for the Microsoft Xbox, Sony PlayStation 2, and
Nintendo GameCube. The gameplay takes place in the Macross era, and features a
storyline running exactly concurrent with that era's historical events.
Multiplayer support is limited to one-on-one. Several of the voice actors from
the original series, including Tony Oliver, Melanie MacQueen, Dan Woren, and Cam
Clarke, reprised their original roles, or voiced new characters in this game.
The game was a relative success, even though many fans complained of the over-cartoonified
look of the game.
Robotech: The Macross Saga (2002) for the Game Boy Advance, a side-scrolling
shooter that resembles the Japanese Super Famicom game Macross: Scrambled
Valkyrie.
Robotech: Invasion (2004) for the Microsoft Xbox and the Sony PlayStation 2.
First/third person shooter. The gameplay covers the New Generation part of the
story, with support for single player missions and multiplayer online matches.
Features Cyclones, transformable body armor/motorcycles. As with Battlecry,
several of the original voice actors reprised their roles.
Robotech: The New Generation (2007) for mobile phones. A top-down scrolling
shooter that covers the New Generation part of the story, leading up to the
Shadow Chronicles. The player can play as one of three characters (Scott, Rook
and Rand), each with their own special weapons. The player also has the ability
to change into "Battloid Mode" through the collection of Protoculture. Robotech:
The New Generation features famous music from the TV series, as well as the most
evil of all the villains.
Effect
While anime shows were brought to the US as early as the 1960s, such as Astro
Boy, Speed Racer, and Kimba the White Lion, most were heavily bowdlerized for
American audiences, with violence, deaths of major characters, sexual
references, et cetera, completely edited out for what was assumed to be an
audience of young children. Robotech, along with the earlier Star Blazers
(1974), broke with this tradition by leaving in some of those elements, and they
are frequently credited as the series that helped spur a greater American
interest in Japanese animation, leading to the current anime industry in North
America. Robotech was frequently among the top-ten anime lists of American anime
magazines such as Anime Insider, Animerica, Newtype USA, and others. Cascadia
Con gave Harmony Gold an award for Robotech's contribution to the
science-fiction genre.
Robotech had a similar effect in other places of the world, including Argentina,
Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greece, Mexico, Panama, Peru, and
the Philippines. In China, during the summer of 2004, it was awarded "Best
Robot-themed Anime of all time" by the Cartoon Channel of China Education
Television. It is highly likely that someone growing up in any of those
countries during the 1980s watched at least some of its episodes. (Robotech did
not start its broadcast in China until 1991.) As in the US, it helped continue a
slow but continuous rise in the consumption of anime.
That said, Robotech is often an extremely polarizing subject amongst anime fans.
Some critics consider the show to be an abomination that runs roughshod over its
original sources by Westernizing character names, making some censor-appeasing
edits, and changing the stories of three wholly-unrelated series (some compare
it to Woody Allen's camp Japanese movie re-dub What's Up, Tiger Lily?) to pass
them off as a cohesive whole. Series writer/actor Greg Snegoff did say in an
interview on the now-defunct Shadow Chronicles News fansite that, "afterwards,
we received compliments from the Japanese who thought our dialogue and stories
were better than the original," and Protoculture Addicts magazine reports in a
Robotech fifth-anniversary article that those compliments came from the
production company Tatsunoko. However, Animag magazine (issue 11) and Animerica
magazine (issue 9, volume 4) reports that the original Macross creators at
Studio Nue and Artland, such as story creator Shoji Kawamori and chief director
Noboru Ishiguro, expressed their concern over the Robotech adaptation, and
surprise on its differences.
In an effort to combine the storylines of three different Japanese series,
certain characters underwent drastic role changes, with little explicit
character development or plot exposition. Notably, Rick Hunter (one of the main
characters of the Macross segment) was changed — by a line of dialogue — from an
ordinary-yet-pivotal fighter-unit commander into an unseen admiral, who is said
to have ordered the destruction of Earth under the controversial rationale of
saving it from the enemy. The line by an unnamed commander on the SDF-4 in the
episode "Dark Finale" was, "I've been ordered by Admiral Hunter himself to
obliterate the planet completely."
In addition, the 65-episode minimum guideline cited as the reason to combine the
episodes applied specifically to weekday syndication. Contemporary series such
as Star Blazers and Transformers were initially syndicated weekly before
reaching the 65-episode mark. The guideline also did not necessarily require a
combined storyline; adaptations like Voltron coupled two unrelated Japanese
series without directly combining the storylines. (A year later, 20 additional
Voltron episodes and a crossover special were created for American audiences by
Toei Animation, after the first daily run of 104 episodes.)
Shortly after completing Robotech, Carl Macek would make the less-well-known
Captain Harlock and the Queen of a Thousand Years in a similar fashion by
combining two Leiji Matsumoto series, Captain Harlock and Queen Millennia,
together and altering the storyline significantly. In this case, however, the
two anime series were spliced together in a manner where the stories of the
characters occurred simultaneously, not one after the other.
Robotech has been the subject of two parodies by the fandub group Seishun
Shitemasu: Robotech 3: Not Necessarily the Sentinels, and Robotech 4: Khyron's
Counterattack (using footage from, respectively, Gunbuster and Mobile Suit
Gundam: Char's Counterattack).
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